# Private-markets ontology, v1.1 (built for a proposal demo; invented domain data, not a production ontology) # Formalism: OWL 2 for the ontological relationships, SKOS for the taxonomies (controlled vocabularies). # Rule of thumb used here: a thing becomes an owl:Class when it carries its own properties or rules # (a Fund has a manager and a vintage; a FamilyOffice is a kind of investor firm). A value you filter # or roll up by (stage, sector, geography, deal type, asset class) is a skos:Concept in a scheme. # External alignment: none in v1.1. FIBO alignment is a v2 step; no FIBO, GICS or NAICS identifiers appear here. @prefix rdf: . @prefix rdfs: . @prefix owl: . @prefix xsd: . @prefix skos: . @prefix prov: . @prefix dcterms: . @prefix pm: . @prefix pmv: . a owl:Ontology ; rdfs:label "Private-markets ontology"@en ; owl:versionIRI ; owl:versionInfo "1.1" ; owl:priorVersion ; dcterms:modified "2026-10-20"^^xsd:date ; rdfs:comment "v1.1 changes: sector concept 'Cleantech' deprecated and replaced by 'Climate tech'; stage concept 'Series D and later' added; pm:formerName added for firm renames."@en . # ---------------------------------------------------------------- classes pm:Organization a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Organization"@en ; rdfs:comment "Any legal organisation: an investor firm or a private company."@en . pm:InvestorFirm a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pm:Organization ; rdfs:label "Investor firm"@en ; rdfs:comment "An organisation that invests or lends. Always typed with exactly one of its subclasses."@en . pm:FamilyOffice a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pm:InvestorFirm ; rdfs:label "Family office"@en . pm:VentureCapitalFirm a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pm:InvestorFirm ; rdfs:label "Venture capital firm"@en . pm:PrivateEquityFirm a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pm:InvestorFirm ; rdfs:label "Private equity firm"@en . pm:PrivateCreditManager a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pm:InvestorFirm ; rdfs:label "Private credit manager"@en . pm:CorporateInvestor a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pm:InvestorFirm ; rdfs:label "Corporate investor"@en . [] a owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( pm:FamilyOffice pm:VentureCapitalFirm pm:PrivateEquityFirm pm:PrivateCreditManager pm:CorporateInvestor ) . pm:Company a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pm:Organization ; rdfs:label "Company"@en ; rdfs:comment "A private company that raises capital, sells shares on the secondary market, borrows, or is acquired."@en ; owl:disjointWith pm:InvestorFirm . pm:Fund a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Fund"@en ; rdfs:comment "A pooled investment vehicle (for example 'Fund III, L.P.') managed by an investor firm."@en ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty pm:managedBy ; owl:cardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . pm:Person a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Person"@en ; rdfs:comment "A professional contact. One canonical Person per real individual, after entity resolution."@en . pm:Affiliation a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Affiliation"@en ; rdfs:comment "An n-ary relation: a person held a role at an organisation from a start date to an optional end date. No end date means current."@en . pm:Deal a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Deal"@en ; rdfs:comment "A financing or ownership transaction. Its kind is a pm:dealType concept, not a subclass."@en ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty pm:targetCompany ; owl:minCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . # ---------------------------------------------------------------- object properties (ontological relationships) pm:participatedIn a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "participated in"@en ; rdfs:domain [ owl:unionOf ( pm:InvestorFirm pm:Fund ) ] ; rdfs:range pm:Deal ; rdfs:comment "An investor firm or fund took part in a deal (investor, buyer or lender). A fund's participation is also asserted for its managing firm, with derivation provenance."@en . pm:ledDeal a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf pm:participatedIn ; rdfs:label "led deal"@en ; rdfs:domain [ owl:unionOf ( pm:InvestorFirm pm:Fund ) ] ; rdfs:range pm:Deal . pm:targetCompany a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "target company"@en ; rdfs:domain pm:Deal ; rdfs:range pm:Company ; rdfs:comment "The company that raises, whose shares change hands, that borrows, or that is acquired."@en . pm:managedBy a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:label "managed by"@en ; rdfs:domain pm:Fund ; rdfs:range pm:InvestorFirm . pm:hasPortfolioManager a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "has portfolio manager"@en ; rdfs:domain pm:Fund ; rdfs:range pm:Person . pm:hasAffiliation a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "has affiliation"@en ; rdfs:domain pm:Person ; rdfs:range pm:Affiliation . pm:affiliatedWith a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "affiliated with"@en ; rdfs:domain pm:Affiliation ; rdfs:range pm:Organization . # Taxonomy-valued properties: the range is a concept scheme, enforced by the shapes file, not by OWL. pm:stage a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "stage"@en ; rdfs:domain pm:Deal ; rdfs:range skos:Concept ; pm:rangeScheme pmv:StageScheme . pm:dealType a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "deal type"@en ; rdfs:domain pm:Deal ; rdfs:range skos:Concept ; pm:rangeScheme pmv:DealTypeScheme . pm:assetClass a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "asset class"@en ; rdfs:domain [ owl:unionOf ( pm:Deal pm:Fund ) ] ; rdfs:range skos:Concept ; pm:rangeScheme pmv:AssetClassScheme . pm:sector a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "sector"@en ; rdfs:domain pm:Company ; rdfs:range skos:Concept ; pm:rangeScheme pmv:SectorScheme . pm:headquarteredIn a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "headquartered in"@en ; rdfs:domain pm:Organization ; rdfs:range skos:Concept ; pm:rangeScheme pmv:GeographyScheme . pm:basedIn a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "based in"@en ; rdfs:domain pm:Person ; rdfs:range skos:Concept ; pm:rangeScheme pmv:GeographyScheme . pm:focusSector a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "focus sector"@en ; rdfs:domain pm:InvestorFirm ; rdfs:range skos:Concept ; pm:rangeScheme pmv:SectorScheme ; rdfs:comment "Stated investment preference from the firm's profile, not evidence of past deals."@en . pm:focusStage a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "focus stage"@en ; rdfs:domain pm:InvestorFirm ; rdfs:range skos:Concept ; pm:rangeScheme pmv:StageScheme . pm:focusGeography a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "focus geography"@en ; rdfs:domain pm:InvestorFirm ; rdfs:range skos:Concept ; pm:rangeScheme pmv:GeographyScheme . pm:rangeScheme a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:label "range scheme"@en ; rdfs:comment "The SKOS concept scheme a taxonomy-valued property must draw its values from."@en . # ---------------------------------------------------------------- data properties pm:dealSizeUsd a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "deal size (USD)"@en ; rdfs:domain pm:Deal ; rdfs:range xsd:decimal ; rdfs:comment "Total round, block, facility or transaction size in US dollars. Must be positive."@en . pm:announcedDate a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "announced date"@en ; rdfs:domain pm:Deal ; rdfs:range xsd:date . pm:foundedYear a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "founded year"@en ; rdfs:domain pm:Company ; rdfs:range xsd:integer . pm:vintageYear a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "vintage year"@en ; rdfs:domain pm:Fund ; rdfs:range xsd:integer . pm:fundSizeUsd a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "fund size (USD)"@en ; rdfs:domain pm:Fund ; rdfs:range xsd:decimal . pm:minTicketUsd a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "minimum ticket (USD)"@en ; rdfs:domain pm:InvestorFirm ; rdfs:range xsd:decimal . pm:maxTicketUsd a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "maximum ticket (USD)"@en ; rdfs:domain pm:InvestorFirm ; rdfs:range xsd:decimal . pm:role a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "role"@en ; rdfs:domain pm:Affiliation ; rdfs:range xsd:string . pm:startDate a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "start date"@en ; rdfs:domain pm:Affiliation ; rdfs:range xsd:date . pm:endDate a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "end date"@en ; rdfs:domain pm:Affiliation ; rdfs:range xsd:date ; rdfs:comment "Absent when the affiliation is current."@en . pm:formerName a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "former name"@en ; rdfs:domain pm:Organization ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; dcterms:created "1.1" . pm:stageOrder a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "stage order"@en ; rdfs:domain skos:Concept ; rdfs:range xsd:integer ; rdfs:comment "Position on the stage ladder (Pre-seed = 1). Lets a question say 'Series B or later'."@en . # ---------------------------------------------------------------- provenance (every instance assertion lives in a named graph) # Each source record is loaded into its own named graph. That graph node carries the source system, # a confidence and a last-verified date, so every triple inside it resolves to all three by query. pm:SourceRecord a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf prov:Entity ; rdfs:label "Source record"@en . pm:confidence a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "confidence"@en ; rdfs:domain prov:Entity ; rdfs:range xsd:decimal ; rdfs:comment "0 to 1. Source reliability times the entity-resolution link score of the record."@en . pm:lastVerified a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "last verified"@en ; rdfs:domain prov:Entity ; rdfs:range xsd:date . pm:resolvedFrom a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "resolved from"@en ; rdfs:range pm:SourceRecord ; rdfs:comment "Links a canonical entity to each source record entity resolution merged into it."@en .